Between these two extreme positions lies a broad spectrum of positions described variously as “environmental possibilism” or “environmental probablism.” The “possibilists” are very close to a cultural determinist position the “probablist” position-in which the vast majority of work is now done – argues that there has always been a complex and evolving mutual reciprocity between nature and humanity, an understanding broadly ecological in its appreciation of interconnection. Environmental determinism occupies one end of a continuum, cultural determinism occupies the other each argues that the human condition is determined simply by nature or simply by culture.
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